Recovery from ACL Surgery: Timeline & Tips

This blog was originally published on June 24, 2019, and has been updated to reflect the latest medical insights and recovery strategies.

If you're preparing for an ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) reconstruction surgery, it's natural to wonder how long it will take before you can return to your normal life. While the goal is to get back on your feet, the reality is that full recovery involves more than just walking again. Even after you no longer need crutches, your body is still in the healing process, and it may take several months before you feel fully recovered. On average, most people take between 2 to 9 months to fully recover from ACL surgery.1 A 2016 study of 80 amateur athletes found that, on average, they returned to their sport after about eight months.2 However, every person’s recovery is unique, and your doctor will guide you based on your progress and overall health. Below is a general timeline and some key rehabilitation tips to help you recover safely and effectively.

ACL Surgery Recovery Timeline

Although each person’s experience differs, here’s a typical outline of what to expect during the recovery process:

The First 2 Weeks After Surgery

The first few weeks are crucial because your knee is still very sensitive and vulnerable. You may experience pain, swelling, and fluid buildup around the joint. It's important to start moving your muscles as soon as possible, even if it's just passive movement like gently bending and straightening your knee. You’ll likely be advised not to put weight on the knee and may need crutches for at least 10 days or more. Always follow your surgeon’s instructions closely—overexertion can delay healing or cause re-injury.

Rehabilitation Tips:

  • Elevate your leg above heart level and apply ice every two hours to reduce swelling.
  • Use a pillow or edge of a bed to gently bend your knee.
  • Place a small prop under your heel when your leg is straight to help with extension.

2–6 Weeks After Surgery

By now, you may be able to begin putting some weight on your knee, depending on your doctor’s approval. You might also be able to drive again, depending on which leg was operated on and the type of car you drive. A physical therapist will likely be involved in your recovery, guiding you through exercises to restore range of motion and strength. You may also be required to wear a brace to protect your knee from stress during this time.

Rehabilitation Tips:

  • Walk in short intervals (15–20 minutes) to build endurance.
  • Perform strengthening exercises such as squats, leg presses, and hamstring curls, as recommended by your therapist.
  • Try low-impact cardio like stationary cycling or using an elliptical machine.

6 Weeks to 3 Months After Surgery

As your knee becomes stronger, you may be able to do more active movements, including light jogging. However, always consult your healthcare team before starting any new activity. Some experts suggest avoiding running or swimming for up to five months post-surgery.

Rehabilitation Tips:

  • Try lateral movements like lunges and side steps to improve stability.
  • Swim using a flutter stroke to keep your legs active without stressing the knee.
  • Avoid twisting or pivoting motions until your doctor approves them.
  • Continue strength training and gradually introduce sport-specific drills.

3–6 Months After Surgery

At this stage, many people begin to return to sports or daily activities. Your physical therapist may introduce sport-specific training to help you regain confidence and coordination. It’s also a good time to learn exercises that can help prevent future ACL injuries.

Rehabilitation Tips:

  • Gradually increase your running intensity.
  • Add jumping and agility drills to your routine.
After six months, if your knee is fully healed, you may be cleared to return to athletic activities. Some doctors recommend wearing a supportive brace for 1–2 years post-surgery to provide extra protection.

Additional Recovery Tips

Your mindset plays a big role in your recovery. Here are a few more things to consider:

Stay Patient with Physical Therapy

It’s easy to push yourself too hard, especially if you’re an athlete. But overdoing it can slow down your progress. Follow your therapist’s guidance carefully and don’t skip sessions. If you think you’re ready for more, talk to your therapist before progressing.

Use Cold Therapy to Manage Inflammation

Swelling and pain are common in the first week after surgery.1 Applying cold therapy regularly helps reduce inflammation and discomfort. Devices like the Game Ready System combine cold and compression for more effective recovery, helping to speed up healing and reduce swelling faster than traditional methods.5

Stay Consistent and Positive

Recovery takes time, but staying committed to your rehab plan and maintaining a positive attitude can make all the difference. Keep track of your progress, celebrate small victories, and trust the process.

References:

  1. ACL Surgery Recovery: What to Expect Before and After Reconstruction. UPMC HealthBeat. https://share.upmc.com/2015/04/recovery-time-for-acl-reconstruction-surgery/. Published December 15, 2021.
  2. Notarnicola A, Maccagnano G, Barletta F, et al. Returning to Sport After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Amateur Sports Men: A Retrospective Study. Muscles, Ligaments and Tendons Journal. 2016. doi:10.11138/mltj/2016.6.4.486.
  3. Recovery & Follow Up. Emory Healthcare. https://www.emoryhealthcare.org/centers-programs/acl-program/recovery/rehab-timeline.html. Accessed Sept. 17, 2024.
  4. After ACL Surgery. UCSF Health. https://www.ucsfhealth.org/education/after-acl-surgery. Accessed Sept. 17, 2024.
  5. Murgier J, Cailliez J, Wargny M et al. Cryotherapy with Dynamic Intermittent Compression Improves Recovery from Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty, 2017;32(9):2788-2791.

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