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Recovery from ACL Surgery: Timeline & Tips
This blog was originally published on June 24, 2019, and has been updated to reflect the latest information and recovery insights.
If you're preparing for ACL surgery to repair a torn anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), it's natural to wonder how long it will take to get back to your normal life. While returning to daily activities is an important goal, it’s essential to understand that the full recovery process extends far beyond simply walking again. Even when you’re no longer using crutches, your body is still in the healing phase, and proper care during this time is crucial.
On average, most people take between 2 to 9 months to fully recover from ACL surgery. A 2016 study of 80 amateur athletes showed that they typically returned to their sport after about eight months. However, every individual is different, and your doctor will tailor recommendations based on your unique condition and progress.
Below is a general timeline and some rehabilitation tips that can help guide your recovery journey.
**ACL Surgery Recovery Timeline**
While everyone heals at a different pace, here’s a rough outline of what to expect:
**First 2 Weeks After Surgery**
This early stage is critical because your body is still adjusting to the surgical trauma. You may experience pain, swelling, and fluid accumulation around the knee. It's important to start gentle movements soon after surgery, like passive knee flexion and extension, as instructed by your surgeon. Most patients are advised not to put weight on the knee immediately and may need crutches for up to 10 days or more.
**Rehabilitation Tips:**
- Elevate your leg above heart level and apply ice every two hours.
- Use a bed or chair edge to assist with knee bending.
- Place a prop under your heel to help with knee straightening.
**Weeks 2–6 After Surgery**
During this period, you may begin putting weight on your knee, depending on your surgeon’s guidance. Your physical therapist will introduce exercises to restore range of motion and strength. You might also be advised to wear a knee brace for protection.
**Rehabilitation Tips:**
- Walk in short intervals (15–20 minutes) to build endurance.
- Perform leg strengthening exercises like squats and leg presses, if recommended.
- Add low-impact cardio like stationary cycling or elliptical training.
**6 Weeks to 3 Months After Surgery**
As your knee strengthens, you may be able to return to light jogging or low-impact activities. Always consult your healthcare team before resuming any high-intensity exercise. Some experts advise avoiding running or swimming for at least five months post-surgery.
**Rehabilitation Tips:**
- Try lateral movements like lunges and side steps.
- Opt for flutter-style swimming strokes.
- Avoid twisting or pivoting motions.
- Continue strength training and begin sport-specific drills.
**3–6 Months After Surgery**
By now, you may be ready to return to sports or more active routines. Your physical therapist will guide you through sport-specific exercises to ensure you're fully prepared. They may also teach you techniques to prevent future injuries.
**Rehabilitation Tips:**
- Gradually reintroduce running.
- Start jumping and agility drills.
- Work toward single-leg plyometrics.
After six months, many people are cleared to return to athletic activity. Some doctors recommend wearing a knee brace for 1–2 years post-surgery for added support.
**Additional Recovery Tips**
1. **Be Patient During Physical Therapy**
It's easy to push too hard, especially if you're an athlete. But overdoing it can delay healing. Stick to your therapist’s plan and ask for guidance before increasing intensity.
2. **Use Cold Therapy to Reduce Swelling**
Pain and swelling are highest in the first week after surgery. Applying cold therapy regularly helps manage inflammation. Devices like the Game Ready System combine cold and compression for better results than traditional methods.
3. **Stay Consistent and Communicate**
Keep regular check-ins with your medical team and follow all instructions. Recovery is a process, and staying proactive helps speed things along.
**References:**
1. ACL Surgery Recovery: What to Expect Before and After Reconstruction. UPMC HealthBeat. https://share.upmc.com/2015/04/recovery-time-for-acl-reconstruction-surgery/. Published December 15, 2021.
2. Notarnicola A, Maccagnano G, Barletta F, et al. Returning to Sport After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Amateur Sports Men: A Retrospective Study. Muscles, Ligaments and Tendons Journal. 2016. doi:10.11138/mltj/2016.6.4.486.
3. Recovery & Follow Up. Emory Healthcare. https://www.emoryhealthcare.org/centers-programs/acl-program/recovery/rehab-timeline.html. Accessed Sept. 17, 2024.
4. After ACL Surgery. UCSF Health. https://www.ucsfhealth.org/education/after-acl-surgery. Accessed Sept. 17, 2024.
5. Murgier J, Cailliez J, Wargny M et al. Cryotherapy with Dynamic Intermittent Compression Improves Recovery from Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty, 2017;32(9):2788-2791.
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