The fluorinated mica crystals have very good
high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and light transmission
properties, and can work for a long time at a high temperature of 1100°C.
No reaction occurs
with strong acids and alkalis; complete light transmittance (pure and
transparent). The natural mica plates traditionally used in the observation
window of high-pressure boiler water level gauge are all brown, and the light
transmittance is not good, and the temperature resistance is in the range of
200-700°C, especially the corrosion resistance is poor. The boiler steam drum
water in thermal power plants contains alkali. After reacting with natural mica
and alkali, it is washed with hot air and hot water, and it is prone to
fluffing, scaling, and being broken. In the short term (about 1-2 months), the
water level is not clearly understood. After being broken, it can easily cause
leakage. The fluorite mica does not react with the acid-base solution, and does
not react with water in the hydration reaction, so that it does not form a
layer, does not scale, and does not break. In the long-term (2 to 3 years)
scouring of high-temperature and high-pressure water (including acid and
alkali), the original clarity and transparency can still be maintained. In
China, it has been widely applied to the observation window of steam boiler
water level gauge in high-pressure boilers of thermal power plants. It has also
been selected by Japanese BBK company and NDK (Colin) company for the
observation window of high pressure boiler drum level gauge.
Mica High Pressure Gasket,High Pressure Gasket,High Pressure Resistant Material,Full Size High Pressure Gasket Changchun City Taiyuan FluorphlogopiteCo. Ltd. , https://www.micaslice.com
First, the management object is a passenger car
It can be seen from the name of "Parallel Management Measures for Average Fuel Consumption of Passenger Vehicle Enterprises and New Energy Vehicles (Consultation Draft)", which is aimed at passenger car companies. The focus of China's new energy vehicle development is passenger cars, but after 2020, after the subsidies have subsided, what are the policies for commercial vehicles? What is the incentive policy for large buses in particular? This is everyone's concern. However, this method does not involve commercial vehicles (including buses). Passenger vehicles are vehicles with a maximum design total mass not exceeding 3,500 kg as defined in paragraphs 2.1.1.1 to 2.1.1.10 of the Terms and Definitions for Types of Automobiles and Trailers (GB/T 3730.1), including new energy Use cars and traditional energy passenger cars.
The new energy passenger car referred to in the “Measures†refers to a passenger car that adopts a new power system and is fully or mainly driven by new energy sources, including plug-in hybrid (including extended-range) passenger cars and pure electric passenger cars. And fuel cell passenger cars, etc.; the traditional energy passenger vehicles referred to in the "Measures" refer to passenger vehicles that can be used with gasoline, diesel or gaseous fuels other than new energy passenger vehicles (including non-plug-in hybrids). Power passenger car).
2. The proportion of new energy vehicles in the traditional passenger vehicle enterprises with an annual production or import volume of more than 50,000 vehicles
a) In 2016 and 2017, the requirements for the proportion of new energy vehicles for passenger car companies will not be assessed.
b) From 2018 to 2020, the requirements are 8%, 10%, and 12%, respectively. This is very different from the “postponed implementation until 2019†reported by the media last week, reflecting that the game between the two sides is still going on.
c) The requirements for the proportion of new energy vehicles after 2020 shall be separately formulated and announced by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology.
(This has three time periods, the focus is on indicators from 2018 to 2020, and the other two periods are not.)
3. Average fuel consumption of small-scale enterprises from 2016 to 2020
1 If it is lower than 6% (inclusive) from the previous year, its compliance value may be further relaxed by 60% on the basis of the average fuel consumption requirement of the enterprise as specified in the “Methods and Indicators for Evaluation of Passenger Vehicle Fuel Consumptionâ€;
2 If the decrease is 3% or more, the compliance value may be further relaxed by 30% based on the average fuel consumption requirement of the enterprise as specified in the “Methods and Indicators for Evaluation of Passenger Vehicle Fuel Consumptionâ€.
(Small-scale enterprise concept: Small-scale enterprises with annual production or import of passenger cars in China of less than 2,000 vehicles, and independent production, R&D and operation.)
4. New energy passenger car model points for 2016-2020 
(1) The maximum speed of a pure electric passenger car in 30 minutes is not less than 100km/h, and the driving range in pure electric mode is not less than 100km.
(2) For pure electric passenger car models, according to the whole vehicle's curb weight (m), the electric energy consumption (Y) under the comprehensive working conditions does not satisfy the condition one, the model integral is calculated according to the standard vehicle's integral 0.5 times, and the points are For self-use only; for condition 2, calculate at 1.2 times; the rest is calculated at 1 time.
Condition 1: When m≤1000kg, Y≤0.014×m+0.5; 1000Y≤0.012×m+2.5; when m>1600kg, Y≤0.005×m+13.7.
Condition 2: When m≤1000kg, Y≤0.0098×m+0.35; 1000Y≤0.0084×m+1.75; when m>1600kg, Y≤0.0035×m+9.59.
(3) The driving range of the plug-in hybrid vehicle in pure electric mode is not less than 50 kilometers. In plug-in hybrid passenger car models with a driving range of less than 80 km in pure electric mode, the fuel consumption in the condition B test (fuel consumption without electric energy conversion) and the passenger fuel consumption limit (GB 19578) The fuel consumption limit corresponding to the model should be less than 70%; if the ratio is not less than 70%, the vehicle model points are calculated based on 0.5 times the standard vehicle mileage, and the points are limited to the enterprise itself. In the pure electric mode, the plug-in hybrid passenger car with a driving range of 80 km or more, the electric energy consumption in the condition A test should meet the requirements of the condition 1 of the pure electric passenger car; Points are calculated at 0.5 times the standard model points and the points are limited to the company itself.
(4) The rated power of the fuel cell system is not less than 30% of the rated power of the drive motor and not less than 30 kW. The fuel cell passenger car model points that do not meet the above requirements are calculated based on 0.5 times the standard model points, and the points are limited to their own use.
Interpretation:
1 cruising range and 100 kilometers of power consumption are the two most important indicators;
2 plug-in type maintains 2 points / vehicle unchanged, while pure electric bicycle points are changed to linear.
5. The guidance of the "Measures" is very obvious.
1 The change of pure electric bicycle integral to linear regulation shows that China's “pure electric drive†technical route is gradually becoming a “pure electric vehicleâ€;
2 The weight of the whole vehicle and the increase in battery energy density must be accelerated for the enterprise;
3 The points management method reported by the media last week may be “postponed until 2019â€. It is due to the request of the German side during Premier Li Keqiang’s visit to Germany, and is not the information of the Chinese government.
4 The current "Regulations" is a draft for consultation, and the final implementation date must be approved by the State Council. But companies have great expectations for postponing implementation.
Analysis of the integration policy of new energy vehicles: the evolution of “pure electric drive†to “pure electric vehicles†has obviously accelerated
On June 13, 2017, the “Parallel Management Measures for the Average Fuel Consumption of Passenger Vehicle Enterprises and New Energy Vehicles (Consultation Draft)†was announced, and the deadline for comments was June 27, 2017. The following is the author's learning experience. Technical requirements for passenger car models: