China's progress in the study of bulk Bragg grating angle amplifier

The **China Instrument Network Instrument Development** project has made significant progress in the field of optical beam deflection. Researchers from the Thin Film Optics Laboratory and the High Power Laser Unit Technology Laboratory at the Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, have developed a novel angle amplifier for large-angle beam deflection systems. This system uses cascaded multiplexed Bragg gratings, resulting in the successful fabrication of three 4-channel multiplexed Bragg gratings operating at a wavelength of 1064 nm. When combined, these gratings create a 12-channel angle amplifier with diffraction efficiencies exceeding 80% per channel and strong polarization-independent performance. By integrating this angle amplifier with a small-angle continuous deflection component, such as a liquid crystal optical phased array (LCOPA), it is now possible to achieve continuous beam deflection over a wide angular range of ±45° in one dimension. This advancement represents a major step forward in non-mechanical beam steering technology, which is crucial for applications like laser radar, free-space optical communication, and high-energy laser systems. In the microwave frequency band, large-angle spatial scanning is relatively straightforward, but in the near-infrared optical range, the challenge is greater due to limitations in manufacturing processes and physical constraints. Current devices, such as LCOPAs or liquid crystal polarization gratings, are limited in their angular range for continuous deflection. To overcome this, a conventional approach involves combining LCOPAs with volume Bragg gratings (VBGs) to enable both large-angle deflection and precise control. This study focused on optimizing multiple parameters, including the maximum refractive index modulation, absorption loss, channel crosstalk, and the impact of laser divergence on the grating's performance. Theoretical analysis revealed that the refractive index modulation range of photothermographic glass and the laser beam divergence are key factors limiting the diffraction efficiency of each channel. By using multi-block, multi-channel cascading, the researchers effectively addressed these challenges. Moreover, through a symmetrical grating design, each 4-channel grating only required two exposure light paths, significantly improving the preparation efficiency of the multiplexed body gratings. Multiple gratings were fabricated using multiple exposures followed by a single heat treatment and then cascaded to achieve experimental success in one-dimensional large-angle deflection from -45° to +45°. Each channel demonstrated a diffraction efficiency above 80% and showed no dependence on polarization. This research provides clear guidance for the theoretical and practical development of angle amplifiers based on multiplexed body gratings. It marks an important milestone in advancing the use of such gratings in large-angle beam deflection systems and lays the foundation for future two-dimensional angle amplification using volume gratings.

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Model

SJW-45(M)

SJW-70(M)

SJW-100(M)

SJW-140(M)

Screw Diameter (MM)

45

70

100

140

Length Diameter Ratio

15-25

15-25

15-25

15-25

Main Motor Power (KW)

15-30

55-75

90-132

160-220

Max. Screw Speed (RPM)

500

500

500

500

Reference Output (KG/HOUR)

40-50

150-200

300-400

800-1000


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